Yellow-rumped Warblers flit through the canopies of coniferous trees as they forage. Helpless and naked with sparse brown down. White, speckled with brown, reddish-brown, gray, or purplish gray. It's 3-4 inches across and about 2 inches tall when finished. She lines this cup with fine hair and feathers, sometimes woven into the nest in such a way that they curl up and over the eggs. She may also use moose, horse, and deer hair, moss, and lichens. The nest is a cup of twigs, pine needles, grasses, and rootlets. Nest Descriptionįemales build the nest, sometimes using material the male carries to her. Occasionally nest are built in a deciduous tree such as a maple, oak, or birch. They may build their nests far out on a main branch or tuck it close to the trunk in a secure fork of two or more branches. Tree species include hemlock, spruce, white cedar, pine, Douglas-fir, and larch or tamarack. Yellow-rumped Warblers put their nests on the horizontal branch of a conifer, anywhere from 4 to about 50 feet high. On their wintering grounds in Mexico they've been seen sipping the sweet honeydew liquid excreted by aphids. They eat wild seeds such as from beach grasses and goldenrod, and they may come to feeders, where they'll take sunflower seeds, raisins, peanut butter, and suet. Other commonly eaten fruits include juniper berries, poison ivy, poison oak, greenbrier, grapes, Virginia creeper, and dogwood. The habit is one reason why Yellow-rumped Warblers winter so much farther north than other warbler species. On migration and in winter they eat great numbers of fruits, particularly bayberry and wax myrtle, which their digestive systems are uniquely suited among warblers to digest. They also eat spruce budworm, a serious forest pest, during outbreaks. Yellow-rumped Warblers eat mainly insects in the summer, including caterpillars and other larvae, leaf beetles, bark beetles, weevils, ants, scale insects, aphids, grasshoppers, caddisflies, craneflies, and gnats, as well as spiders. On their tropical wintering grounds they live in mangroves, thorn scrub, pine-oak-fir forests, and shade coffee plantations. During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers find open areas with fruiting shrubs or scattered trees, such as parks, streamside woodlands, open pine and pine-oak forest, dunes (where bayberries are common), and residential areas. In the Pacific Northwest and the Northeast, they occur all the way down to sea level wherever conifers are present. and in the central Appalachian mountains, they are found mostly in mountainous areas. Yellow-rumped Warblers spend the breeding season in mature coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands (such as in patches of aspen, birch, or willow).
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